According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the concept of a 'fool' is not defined by intellectual capacity but by spiritual and moral orientation. The Quran uses two primary terms: 'Safih' (pl. Sufaha) and 'Jahil' (pl. Jahiloon). Tafsir Ibn Kathir, commenting on Quran 2:13, explains that the 'Sufaha' are those who, out of arrogance, mock and reject sincere faith, deeming believers to be foolish. This reveals that in the divine scale, true foolishness is the inability to recognize truth. The term 'Safih' is also used in a practical sense in Quran 4:5, referring to one who is weak-minded or incompetent in managing wealth, which Allah has made a means of societal support. Separately, the term 'Jahil' refers to one who acts with rashness, aggression, and ignorance. Classical commentators like Al-Qurtubi explain that the divine command in Quran 7:199 to 'turn away from the ignorant' (al-Jahilin) is a foundational principle of Islamic ethics, teaching believers to disengage from pointless arguments and respond to provocation with patience and dignity. This synthesis of Quranic verses and classical commentary establishes that foolishness and ignorance are spiritual diseases cured by humility, knowledge, and patient forbearance.