According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the gods of pre-Islamic Arabia were a diverse pantheon of deities and idols representing the polytheistic practices (Shirk) that Islam came to abolish. The Quran itself, in Surah Nuh (71:23), names five of these ancient idols: Wadd, Suwa', Yaghuth, Ya'uq, and Nasr. Classical historian Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, in his seminal 'Book of Idols,' provides a detailed catalogue of these deities, explaining their origins and the tribes that worshipped them. The most prominent deities in Mecca, particularly for the Quraysh tribe, included Hubal, the chief idol within the Kaaba, and a triad of powerful goddesses—Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat—who were erroneously referred to as 'daughters of God'. The pre-Islamic Arabs worshipped up to 360 idols housed in and around the Kaaba, performing rituals of pilgrimage, sacrifice, and divination. The advent of Islam marked the definitive end of this era, culminating in the Prophet Muhammad's purification of the Kaaba by destroying all idols, restoring it to the pure monotheistic worship of Allah alone.