According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the concept of pollution is understood through the comprehensive Quranic term 'fasad' (corruption, decay, and disorder). The pivotal verse, Surah Ar-Rum 30:41, explicitly states, 'Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned.' Classical mufassirun like Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari interpret 'fasad' as a consequence of human disobedience, manifesting as both moral decay and physical calamities such as famine and disease. This classical framework is extended by contemporary Islamic scholars to directly address modern environmental crises, identifying industrial waste, habitat destruction, and climate change as clear manifestations of 'fasad'. This synthesis establishes that from an Islamic perspective, pollution is not merely a physical issue but a spiritual and moral one, stemming from humanity's failure to uphold its role as a divine steward (khalifa) on Earth. The verse serves as a divine warning, linking environmental degradation directly to human actions and calling for a return to ecological balance and spiritual responsibility.