According to the unanimous agreement (`ijma`) of classical Islamic scholarship, the splitting of the moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar) was a literal, physical miracle performed by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Makkah before the Hijrah. This extraordinary event, mentioned directly in the Quran in Surah Al-Qamar (54:1), served as a profound sign (`ayah`) for the disbelieving Quraysh and as a cosmic portent of the approaching Day of Judgment. The historical reality of the miracle is established by `mutawatir` (mass-transmitted) reports, the highest category of authenticity in Hadith science, narrated by numerous companions including Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and Anas ibn Malik and recorded in the most rigorously authenticated collections, Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Classical commentators like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi synthesize the Quranic verse with these hadith to describe how the moon was seen splitting into two distinct parts, with Mount Hira visible between them. The disbelievers' immediate reaction was to dismiss it as 'continuous magic,' a response also captured by the Quran. This event remains a cornerstone of Islamic `aqeedah` (creed), demonstrating Allah's omnipotence, the veracity of His final messenger, and the reality of the coming Hour.