According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the concept of expulsion (الطرد, al-Tard, and إخراج, Ikhraj) is depicted in the Quran as a severe form of oppression (Zulm) and persecution. Ibn Kathir's analysis of verses like 22:40 clarifies that believers were driven from their homes unjustly for no reason other than their faith. [7] This act is considered so grave that it forms one of the primary justifications for defensive war in Islam. The theme is historically grounded in the plot of the Quraysh to expel the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) from Makkah (8:30), an event Allah countered with His own plan. [8] Furthermore, Al-Qurtubi's legal analysis of Surah 59:2 demonstrates that expulsion can also be a form of divine justice, as when the tribe of Banu Nadir was banished from Medina for treachery and breaking their covenant. [2] The synthesis of these verses shows that while unjustly expelling others is a major crime, being expelled by divine decree is a just consequence for betrayal.