In the Quran, the rock (الصخرة - as-Sakhrah) is a powerful and versatile symbol of Allah's absolute power and a medium for divine lessons. It appears as an instrument of miracles, such as when Prophet Musa strikes it to bring forth twelve springs of water (2:60), demonstrating Allah's ability to create life from inert matter. According to classical tafsir by scholars like Ibn Kathir, the rock also serves as a profound spiritual metaphor. In Surah Al-Baqarah (2:74), it becomes the benchmark for spiritual hardness, where heedless hearts are described as 'harder than rocks,' because even rocks can show submission to Allah. Furthermore, it symbolizes Divine Omniscience, as a good deed hidden within a rock is still known to Allah (31:16), and serves as a physical marker in pivotal divine encounters, like in the story of Musa and al-Khidr (18:63). The Quran also uses the rock to narrate the history of the people of Thamud, who carved magnificent homes from it (89:9), showcasing both human skill and the transience of worldly power when met with divine justice. Across these varied contexts, the rock consistently functions as an ayah (sign) pointing back to the Creator's omnipotence and wisdom.